If you’ve ever wondered about the world of Turkish wine and where to start, this beginner’s guide is here to help you navigate through the rich and diverse world of Turkish wines. From ancient winemaking traditions to unique grape varieties, discover the hidden gems and cultural significance of Turkish wine. Whether you’re a wine enthusiast looking to broaden your horizons or simply curious about new flavors, this guide is filled with friendly insights and tips that will make your journey into the world of Turkish wine an enjoyable and memorable one. So grab a glass and let’s embark on a delightful adventure together!
History of Turkish Wine
Origins of winemaking in Turkey
The history of winemaking in Turkey dates back thousands of years. It is believed that the production of wine in this region began as early as 4000 BC, making it one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world. The fertile lands of Anatolia, coupled with a Mediterranean climate, created the perfect conditions for cultivating grapes and producing high-quality wines.
Influence of Ottoman Empire on Turkish wine
During the Ottoman Empire, which spanned from the 14th to the early 20th century, winemaking in Turkey faced various challenges. The empire’s Islamic traditions frowned upon the consumption of alcohol, leading to restrictions on wine production. However, despite these limitations, winemaking continued in certain regions, primarily for the consumption of non-Muslims and for export.
Revival of Turkish wine industry
In the early 2000s, the Turkish wine industry experienced a significant revival. Government reforms and investments in vineyards and wineries played a crucial role in this resurgence. Turkish winemakers began integrating modern techniques while embracing their traditional winemaking heritage. This revival not only increased the quality of Turkish wines but also brought international recognition to the country’s wine industry.
Wine Regions in Turkey
Turkey is a diverse country, both in terms of its geography and climate. This diversity is reflected in the various wine regions spread across the country. Each region has its unique characteristics and grape varieties, contributing to the overall diversity and richness of Turkish wines.
Aegean Region
The Aegean Region is one of the most prominent wine-producing regions in Turkey. It is known for its dry climate, abundant sunshine, and proximity to the Aegean Sea. This region is home to many indigenous grape varieties, such as Öküzgözü and Boğazkere, which thrive in the region’s rocky and hilly terrain.
Marmara Region
Situated in the northwest part of Turkey, the Marmara Region has a mild climate influenced by the Marmara Sea. This region is known for producing balanced and aromatic wines. The indigenous grape variety, Kalecik Karası, is particularly popular in this region, known for its vibrant red wines.
Eastern Anatolia Region
The Eastern Anatolia Region is characterized by its cold winters and hot summers. Despite the challenging climate, this region produces some exceptional wines. Narince and Öküzgözü are the key grape varieties grown in this region, producing wines with unique aromas and flavors.
Thrace Region
Located in the northwest part of Turkey, the Thrace Region benefits from a moderate climate and fertile soil. The region’s proximity to the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea influences its winemaking conditions. Thrace is known for producing a variety of wines, including both red and white, with rich and complex flavors.
Central Anatolia Region
The Central Anatolia Region is characterized by its continental climate, with hot and dry summers and cold winters. This region is known for producing some of Turkey’s finest red wines, particularly those made from the indigenous grape variety, Boğazkere. The region’s high altitude and volcanic soil add unique characteristics to the wines produced here.
Black Sea Region
The Black Sea Region, located to the north of Turkey, experiences a humid and mild climate influenced by the Black Sea. This region is known for its lush green landscapes and high rainfall, which creates favorable conditions for grape cultivation. The region’s main grape variety, Emir, is used in the production of both still and sparkling wines.
Key Grape Varieties
Turkey is home to a wide variety of indigenous grape varieties, each contributing to the distinct flavors and characteristics of Turkish wines. Here are some key grape varieties to familiarize yourself with:
Öküzgözü
Öküzgözü is a red grape variety that is widely grown in the Eastern Anatolia and Aegean regions of Turkey. The name “Öküzgözü” translates to “ox eye” in English, referring to the grape’s large berry size. Wines produced from this variety are known for their vibrant acidity, soft tannins, and flavors of red fruits and spices.
Boğazkere
Boğazkere is another prominent red grape variety in Turkey, mainly grown in the Central Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia regions. The name “Boğazkere” translates to “throat burner” in Turkish, referring to the variety’s intense and bold flavors. Wines made from Boğazkere grapes are characterized by their high tannins, dark fruit flavors, and aging potential.
Kalecik Karası
Kalecik Karası is a red grape variety that is native to the Marmara and Central Anatolia regions of Turkey. Wines made from Kalecik Karası grapes exhibit a beautiful ruby color, delicate tannins, and enticing aromas of red berries and spices. This variety is often used to produce light to medium-bodied red wines.
Narince
Narince is a white grape variety that thrives in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The name “Narince” translates to “delicate” or “tender” in Turkish, accurately describing the characteristics of wines made from this grape. Narince wines are known for their elegant acidity, floral aromas, and flavors of citrus and stone fruits.
Emir
Emir is a white grape variety that is primarily grown in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, particularly in the region surrounding Nevşehir. Wines made from Emir grapes are typically dry and crisp, with floral and mineral notes. Emir is also used to produce sparkling wines, adding a refreshing option to Turkish wine styles.
Popular Turkish Wine Styles
Turkish wines encompass a wide range of styles to suit different preferences and occasions. From rich and robust reds to crisp and refreshing whites, here are some popular wine styles to explore:
Red wines
Turkish red wines are known for their depth and complexity. Whether made from indigenous grape varieties or international ones, Turkish reds can be bold and full-bodied or elegant and medium-bodied. Look out for wines made from Öküzgözü, Boğazkere, and other indigenous varieties for a taste of unique Turkish reds.
White wines
White wines from Turkey offer a refreshing and aromatic experience. Wines made from Narince and Emir grape varieties showcase the country’s unique terroir, with vibrant acidity and flavors of citrus and stone fruits. Other international grape varieties, such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, are also grown in Turkey, producing high-quality white wines.
Rosé wines
Rosé wines have gained popularity in recent years, both domestically and internationally. Turkish rosés are typically dry and crisp, making them perfect for enjoying during the warm summer months. These wines offer a wide range of flavors, ranging from fruity and floral to more savory and herbal notes.
Sweeter wines
Turkey is also known for its sweeter wine styles, catering to those with a preference for dessert wines or wines with a touch of sweetness. Wines made from varieties such as Sultaniye and Muscat offer a delightful sweetness balanced with refreshing acidity, making them suitable for pairing with desserts or enjoying on their own.
Sparkling wines
While not as prominent as still wines, Turkish sparkling wines are gaining recognition for their quality and elegance. Produced using the traditional method or the Charmat method, Turkish sparkling wines offer a wide range of styles, from crisp and light to rich and complex. These wines are perfect for celebrations or simply enjoying as an aperitif.
Wine Terminology
Understanding wine terminology is essential for appreciating and discussing Turkish wines. Here are some key terms you should know:
Terroir
Terroir refers to the combination of factors, including soil, climate, and topography, that contribute to the unique characteristics of wines from a specific region. Turkish wines often showcase the influence of their terroir, with each region having its distinct flavor profile and style.
Appellation
Appellation refers to a legally defined geographical area where wines are produced. In Turkey, there are several official appellations that guarantee the origin and quality of the wines. Each appellation has specific regulations and standards that winemakers must abide by to use the appellation name on their labels.
Reserve
The term “reserve” is often used to indicate a wine of higher quality or one that has undergone additional aging. In Turkey, the term may have different meanings depending on the winery and region. It is important to research each winery’s definition of “reserve” to understand the quality and aging of the wine you are purchasing.
Sommelier
A sommelier is a wine professional who specializes in wine service, wine pairings, and wine selection. Sommeliers play a significant role in the hospitality industry, assisting customers in choosing the right wines to enhance their dining experience. Turkish restaurants and wineries often employ professional sommeliers to guide customers in selecting the perfect bottle of Turkish wine.
Tannins
Tannins are natural compounds present in grape skins, seeds, and stems that contribute to the structure and mouthfeel of a wine. They can create a sense of dryness and astringency. Turkish red wines, particularly those made from indigenous grape varieties, often exhibit well-integrated tannins that provide structure and balance to the wines.
Turkish Wine Tasting
Tasting Turkish wine is an enjoyable experience that allows you to explore the unique flavors and characteristics of each bottle. Here are some steps to follow when tasting Turkish wine:
Choosing the right glassware
Selecting the appropriate glassware is essential for experiencing the aromas and flavors of Turkish wine to their full extent. A wine glass with a tulip-shaped bowl and a narrow rim is ideal for red wines, while a glass with a smaller bowl and a slightly wider rim is suitable for white wines. Make sure the glass is clean and odor-free before pouring the wine.
Proper swirling and sniffing
Before tasting, gently swirl the wine in your glass to release its aromas. The swirling motion helps to oxygenate the wine, allowing its aromas to be more pronounced. Bring the glass to your nose and take a moment to sniff the wine, noting the various aromas that you detect. The aromas can range from fruits and flowers to spices and herbs, depending on the wine’s characteristics.
Evaluating the appearance
Examine the wine’s appearance by holding the glass against a white background. Note the color and clarity of the wine. Reds can range from vibrant ruby to deep garnet, while whites can be pale straw or golden. Look for any signs of cloudiness or sediments, which can indicate a fault or aging process.
Assessing the aroma
Take a sip of the wine and let it coat your mouth. Pay attention to the flavors you taste, noting any specific characteristics such as fruitiness, acidity, or tannins. Consider the balance between these elements and how they contribute to the overall flavor profile of the wine.
Tasting and assessing the flavors
Once you have evaluated the appearance and the aroma, take a small sip of the wine and let it coat your mouth. Pay attention to the flavors you taste, noting any specific characteristics such as fruitiness, acidity, or tannins. Consider the balance between these elements and how they contribute to the overall flavor profile of the wine.
Evaluating the finish
The finish refers to the lingering taste and sensation that remains after swallowing the wine. It can range from short to long, and from smooth to astringent. Consider the aftertaste and any lingering flavors or sensations as you evaluate the wine’s finish.
Food Pairing with Turkish Wine
One of the joys of Turkish wine is its versatility when it comes to food pairing. Here are some popular dishes and food categories that pair well with Turkish wines:
Meze
Meze, a selection of small dishes served as appetizers or side dishes, is a perfect accompaniment to Turkish wines. Pair a vibrant white wine or a refreshing rosé with classics like stuffed grape leaves, hummus, or feta cheese to complement the flavors and enhance your dining experience.
Kebabs
Turkish cuisine is renowned for its succulent kebabs, which can be made with a variety of meats or vegetables. Pair a bold and full-bodied red wine, such as a wine made from Öküzgözü or Boğazkere, with a juicy lamb kebab or a flavorful chicken kebab to create a harmonious balance of flavors.
Lamb dishes
Lamb is a staple in Turkish cuisine, and its rich and robust flavors pair exceptionally well with Turkish red wines. Whether it’s a slow-cooked lamb stew or a grilled lamb chop, opt for a red wine with ample tannins and depth to complement the meat’s intensity.
Seafood
Turkey’s coastal regions offer a wide variety of seafood dishes, from grilled fish to seafood casseroles. Pair a crisp and zesty white wine, such as one made from Narince or Emir, with fresh seafood to enhance the delicate flavors and provide a refreshing contrast.
Cheese and charcuterie
Turkish wines, particularly reds, pair well with a selection of cheeses and charcuterie. The rich and complex flavors of red wines complement an array of cheeses, from mild and creamy to bold and aged. Pair your favorite Turkish red wine with an assortment of cheeses, cured meats, and crusty bread for a delightful tasting experience.
Wine Tourism in Turkey
For wine enthusiasts, Turkey offers a vibrant wine tourism scene, allowing visitors to explore vineyards, wineries, and indulge in wine tastings. Here are some wine tourism activities to consider when visiting Turkey:
Visiting vineyards and wineries
Many vineyards and wineries in Turkey welcome visitors and offer guided tours of their facilities. Explore the beautiful landscapes, get a closer look at the grape cultivation process, and learn about the winemaking techniques used. Some wineries even offer the opportunity to participate in grape harvesting or winemaking workshops.
Guided wine tours and tastings
Joining a guided wine tour is an excellent way to discover various wine regions and their unique offerings. These tours typically include visits to multiple wineries, where you can taste a wide range of Turkish wines and learn about their characteristics from knowledgeable guides. It’s a great way to deepen your understanding and appreciation of Turkish wines.
Annual wine festivals
Turkey hosts various wine festivals throughout the year, celebrating the country’s rich winemaking heritage. These festivals showcase the best wines from different regions, allowing attendees to taste a wide variety of Turkish wines in one place. It’s an opportunity to interact with winemakers, attend wine seminars, and enjoy live music and entertainment.
Buying Turkish Wine
Whether you’re in Turkey or abroad, there are several avenues to explore when buying Turkish wine. Here are some options to consider:
Local wine shops and online retailers
In Turkey, you can find Turkish wines at local wine shops, specialty stores, and larger supermarkets. These establishments offer a wide selection of wines from different regions and wineries. Additionally, online retailers have made it easier than ever to purchase Turkish wines and have them delivered to your doorstep, both domestically and internationally.
Importing Turkish wine
If you reside outside of Turkey and are interested in exploring Turkish wines, you can explore importing options. Some international wine distributors and importers specialize in sourcing and bringing Turkish wines to various countries. Check with local wine shops and online retailers to inquire about the availability of imported Turkish wines in your area.
Price ranges and value for money
The price range of Turkish wines varies depending on the region, grape variety, and the winery’s reputation. Overall, Turkish wines offer excellent value for money, with a wide range of options available to suit different budgets. From affordable and everyday drinking wines to premium and fine wines, there is something for every palate and occasion.
Exploring Turkish Wine Culture
Turkish wine culture is deeply rooted in history, mythology, and literature. Here are some aspects of Turkish wine culture to explore:
Turkish wine rituals and traditions
Turkey has a rich cultural heritage surrounding wine, with various rituals and traditions associated with its consumption. For example, in some regions, it is customary to sprinkle a few drops of wine on the ground as an offering to the gods before sipping. Exploring these rituals and traditions can provide a deeper insight into the cultural significance of wine in Turkish society.
Wine in Turkish mythology and literature
Wine has played a significant role in Turkish mythology and literature throughout the ages. From legends about the creation of grapes to stories of love and longing, wine has been a central theme in many ancient Turkish myths and epic poems. Exploring the literary works and folklore surrounding Turkish wine can deepen your appreciation for its cultural significance.
Popular Turkish wine festivals and events
Attending Turkish wine festivals and events is not only an excellent opportunity to taste a wide variety of wines but also to immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere and culture surrounding Turkish wines. From the International Wine Competition in Istanbul to the Wine Harvest Festivals in various regions, these events showcase the best of Turkish wines and provide a platform for wine enthusiasts to gather and celebrate.
In conclusion, Turkish wine offers a rich and diverse range of flavors, influenced by the country’s long history, unique indigenous grape varieties, and diverse wine regions. Whether you’re a beginner exploring Turkish wines for the first time or a seasoned wine enthusiast, there is something for everyone to discover and enjoy. From traditional winemaking techniques to modern innovations, Turkish wineries are producing wines that are gaining international recognition and appreciation. So, grab a bottle of Turkish wine, pair it with delicious Turkish cuisine, and embark on a journey of taste and culture. Cheers!