Discover the enchanting land of Turkey, a true photographer’s paradise. From breathtaking landscapes to vibrant cityscapes, this ancient country offers a myriad of captivating scenes just waiting to be captured through the lens of your camera. Whether you’re strolling through the bustling streets of Istanbul, exploring the intriguing history of Cappadocia, or immersing yourself in the tranquil beauty of the Aegean coastline, Turkey’s natural and cultural wonders are sure to leave you awestruck. Get ready to embark on a photographic journey like no other, as you uncover the hidden gems and unveil the stunning beauty that Turkey has to offer.
1. Landscape Photography in Turkey
When it comes to landscape photography, Turkey is truly a paradise. From breathtaking natural landscapes to unique geological formations, Turkey offers a diverse range of subjects for photographers of all levels.
1.1 The Breathtaking Natural Landscapes
Turkey is home to some of the most stunning natural landscapes in the world. From the mesmerizing landscapes of Cappadocia to the dramatic landscapes of Pamukkale and Duden, there is no shortage of awe-inspiring scenes to capture with your camera. The unique rock formations of Cappadocia, known as fairy chimneys, create a surreal and magical atmosphere that is a photographer’s dream. Meanwhile, the cascading terraces of Pamukkale and the roaring waterfalls of Duden offer dramatic and dynamic compositions that will leave you in awe.
1.2 Exploring the Cappadocia Fairy Chimneys
Cappadocia, located in central Turkey, is a photographer’s playground. The region is famous for its unique geological formations, known as fairy chimneys. These cone-shaped rock formations have been sculpted by millions of years of erosion, resulting in a surreal and otherworldly landscape. From the iconic image of hot air balloons soaring above the fairy chimneys at sunrise to the ancient cave dwellings hidden within the rock formations, Cappadocia offers endless opportunities for capturing stunning images.
1.3 Chasing Waterfalls: Pamukkale and Duden
Waterfalls are always a favorite subject for landscape photographers, and Turkey does not disappoint. Pamukkale, with its cascading terraces of white mineral-rich water, creates a dreamlike setting for photography. The contrast of the vibrant blue water against the white terraces makes for stunning images. Duden Waterfalls, located in Antalya, offers a different perspective, with its powerful cascades tumbling into the sea. The combination of the lush greenery and the majestic waterfalls makes for striking compositions.
1.4 Magnificent Coastlines: Bodrum and Antalya
Turkey’s coastline is renowned for its beauty, and the coastal towns of Bodrum and Antalya are no exception. With their crystal-clear turquoise waters, pristine beaches, and picturesque harbors, these destinations offer endless opportunities for capturing stunning seascapes. The vibrant colors of the water, the dramatic cliffs, and the charming sailboats create a visual feast for photographers. Whether it’s the serene beauty of Bodrum or the bustling energy of Antalya, the Turkish coast provides an abundance of captivating scenes.
2. Urban Photography in Turkey
Turkey’s vibrant cities offer a rich tapestry of urban life and architectural marvels, making them ideal subjects for urban photography.
2.1 Istanbul: Where East Meets West
No discussion of urban photography in Turkey would be complete without mentioning Istanbul. This mesmerizing city is where East meets West, blending a rich history with a modern cosmopolitan vibe. From the iconic skyline dominated by the majestic Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque to the bustling streets of the Grand Bazaar, Istanbul offers a wealth of opportunities for capturing the essence of a vibrant city. The narrow, winding streets of the old town, the vibrant street markets, and the lively waterfront along the Bosphorus are all perfect subjects for urban exploration with your camera.
2.2 Historic Beauty: Ephesus and Troy
For history enthusiasts and photographers, the ancient cities of Ephesus and Troy are must-visit destinations. Ephesus, one of the best-preserved ancient cities in the world, boasts magnificent ruins, including the iconic Library of Celsus and the grand Theater. The ruins of Troy, famous for being the setting of Homer’s Iliad, offer a glimpse into the ancient world and provide a fascinating subject for photography. The combination of the ancient structures, the beautiful landscapes, and the sense of history make these sites truly captivating.
2.3 Modern Marvels: Ankara and Izmir
While Istanbul may take the spotlight, Turkey’s capital, Ankara, and the coastal city of Izmir also have their fair share of modern marvels. Ankara, with its contemporary architecture and vibrant city life, offers a different perspective on urban photography. The striking Ankara Castle, the impressive Ataturk Mausoleum, and the avant-garde architecture of the cityscape provide intriguing subjects for capturing the city’s modernity. Izmir, on the other hand, offers a beautiful blend of old and new, with its charming old town and modern waterfront. The vibrant street scenes, bustling markets, and stunning coastal views in both cities make for compelling urban photography.
2.4 Colorful Streets: Gaziantep and Alacati
If you’re looking for vibrant and colorful streets to photograph, Gaziantep and Alacati are the perfect destinations. Gaziantep, known for its rich culinary traditions, also offers a visual feast for photographers. The city’s old town, with its narrow streets lined with historic buildings, exudes charm and character. The colorful markets, traditional Turkish houses, and bustling cafes offer endless opportunities for capturing vibrant street scenes. Alacati, a small town on the Aegean coast, is famous for its colorful houses and quaint streets. The bougainvillea-covered buildings, the cobblestone lanes, and the vibrant cafes create a picturesque setting that is perfect for capturing the essence of this charming town.
3. Wildlife Photography in Turkey
Nature enthusiasts and wildlife photographers will find plenty of subjects to capture in Turkey’s diverse landscapes.
3.1 Birdwatching in Anatolia
Turkey is a paradise for birdwatching and bird photography. With its diverse ecosystems, including wetlands, mountain ranges, and forests, the country is home to a wide variety of bird species. The Anatolian region, in particular, offers excellent opportunities for birdwatching and photography. From the beautiful flamingos of Lake Tuz to the majestic golden eagles in the Kizilirmak Delta, there are countless species to observe and photograph. Whether you’re an experienced birder or a beginner photographer, Anatolia’s birdlife will provide a truly rewarding experience.
3.2 Exploring the Koprulu Canyon National Park
For wildlife photographers, Koprulu Canyon National Park is a hidden gem. Located in the Antalya province, this stunning park is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. The crystal-clear waters of the Koprulu River, the lush green forests, and the rugged canyons create a picturesque backdrop for photographing wildlife. The park is home to several species, including wild goats, foxes, and a wide variety of bird species. Exploring the park at dawn or dusk will provide the best opportunities to capture the wildlife in their natural habitat.
3.3 Endangered Species: The Mediterranean Seal
The Mediterranean Seal, also known as the Monk Seal, is one of the most endangered marine mammals in the world. Turkey’s coast is one of the last remaining refuges for these magnificent creatures. The remote coastline of Datca and the Gulf of Gokova are key areas for spotting and photographing the Mediterranean Seal. These seals are incredibly shy, making them a challenging subject to capture on camera. However, with patience and the right timing, you may be able to witness these endangered animals in their natural habitat and document their struggle for survival.
3.4 Up Close with Flame-colored Chameleons
The southwestern coast of Turkey is home to a unique species of chameleon, known as the Mediterranean Chameleon or the Flame-colored Chameleon. These vibrant reptiles, with their intricate patterns and vivid colors, are a delight to photograph. The forests and coastal regions of Dalyan and Fethiye are prime locations for spotting and photographing these fascinating creatures. Capturing the striking colors of the chameleon against the lush greenery or the coastal landscapes creates visually stunning images. Patience and a keen eye are essential when trying to spot these elusive creatures, but the reward is well worth the effort.
4. Cultural Photography in Turkey
With its rich history and diverse cultural heritage, Turkey offers endless opportunities for capturing the vibrant traditions and cultural rituals of its people.
4.1 Traditional Turkish Music and Dance
Music and dance are an integral part of Turkish culture, and capturing these vibrant performances is a must for cultural photographers. From the enchanting whirling dervishes to the energetic folk dances, Turkey’s music and dance traditions provide a captivating subject to photograph. The colorful costumes, expressive movements, and lively atmosphere make for visually striking images. Whether you’re capturing a performance in a traditional setting or documenting a local festival, the joy and passion of Turkish music and dance will shine through your photographs.
4.2 Capturing Local Festivals and Celebrations
Turkey’s calendar is filled with a wide variety of festivals and celebrations, each offering unique opportunities to capture the spirit of Turkish culture. From the colorful Holi festival of Nevruz to the solemn Ramadan traditions, these cultural events provide a fascinating glimpse into the traditions and rituals of the Turkish people. The vibrant parades, traditional costumes, and festive atmosphere offer plenty of vibrant and dynamic scenes to photograph. Attending these festivals with your camera in hand will enable you to capture the essence of the celebrations and tell the stories of the people who participate in them.
4.3 Homage to the Whirling Dervishes
The whirling dervishes, with their mesmerizing spinning rituals, are one of the most iconic symbols of Turkish culture. Derived from the teachings of the Sufi masters, these spiritual dances are a form of prayer and meditation. Capturing the whirling dervishes in action is a photographer’s dream, as their flowing white robes create a sense of movement and serenity. Whether you’re capturing their performance in a traditional venue or photographing them in their daily practice, the whirling dervishes offer a unique and visually captivating subject for cultural photography.
4.4 The Grand Mosques of Istanbul
Turkey is home to some of the most magnificent mosques in the world, and Istanbul is the perfect place to capture their grandeur. The Blue Mosque, with its stunning architecture and intricate tile work, is a masterpiece of Islamic art. The Hagia Sophia, a former church turned mosque turned museum, is an architectural wonder that showcases the blending of different religious and cultural influences. These grand mosques, with their towering minarets and intricate details, offer endless opportunities for architectural and cultural photography. Exploring the mosques at different times of the day will allow you to capture the unique play of light and shadow, bringing out the beauty of these architectural gems.
5. Historical Photography in Turkey
Turkey’s rich history is reflected in its numerous ancient ruins, Byzantine wonders, and Ottoman heritage sites, providing a wealth of subjects for historical photography.
5.1 Ancient Ruins: Hierapolis and Perge
Turkey is home to a plethora of ancient ruins, each with its own unique story to tell. Hierapolis, located near Pamukkale, offers a glimpse into the Roman era with its well-preserved amphitheater and ancient thermal baths. The ruins of Perge, located near Antalya, are a testament to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, with their impressive theaters, colonnaded streets, and elaborate mosaics. Exploring these ancient ruins with your camera allows you to capture the essence of these bygone eras and preserve their beauty for generations to come.
5.2 Byzantine Legacy: Hagia Sophia and Chora Church
The Byzantine Empire left an indelible mark on Turkey’s history and architecture. The Hagia Sophia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an architectural masterpiece that showcases the grandeur of Byzantine design. The intricate mosaics, towering domes, and beautiful frescoes provide a wealth of subjects for historical photography. The Chora Church, with its stunning Byzantine mosaics and frescoes, offers another opportunity to capture the rich artistic heritage of this period. Exploring the details and capturing the intricacies of these Byzantine wonders will transport you to a bygone era and allow you to appreciate the craftsmanship of these ancient artists.
5.3 Ottoman Heritage: Topkapi Palace and Dolmabahce
The Ottoman Empire, which spanned several centuries, left a lasting legacy in Turkey. The Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, the former residence of the sultans, is a treasure trove of Ottoman architecture, opulent interiors, and fascinating artifacts. From the intricate tile work to the impressive courtyards and harem, the Topkapi Palace provides endless opportunities for historical photography. Similarly, the Dolmabahce Palace, located on the shores of the Bosphorus, offers a glimpse into the grandeur of the Ottoman era. The ornate interiors, lush gardens, and stunning waterfront views make it a perfect subject for capturing the opulence of this period.
5.4 Underground Cities: Derinkuyu and Kaymakli
Turkey’s underground cities, carved out of the soft volcanic rock, are a testament to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of the ancient civilizations. Derinkuyu and Kaymakli, two of the largest and most well-preserved underground cities in Cappadocia, offer a fascinating subject for historical photography. Exploring the labyrinthine tunnels, the hidden chambers, and the intricate ventilation systems allows you to capture the sense of mystery and intrigue that these cities evoke. The dimly lit passages and the unique architectural features make for striking images that transport the viewer back in time.
6. Street Photography in Turkey
Turkey’s vibrant streets, bustling markets, and colorful neighborhoods provide a rich tapestry for street photography enthusiasts.
6.1 Capturing the Vibrant Bazaars and Markets
Turkey is famous for its vibrant bazaars and markets, and these bustling hubs of activity are a street photographer’s paradise. The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, with its maze-like streets and endless stalls, offers a myriad of captivating scenes to capture. The colorful displays of spices, textiles, and handicrafts, the animated vendors and shoppers, and the lively atmosphere create a sensory overload that is perfect for street photography. Exploring the local markets in cities like Gaziantep and Alacati also offers unique opportunities to capture the essence of Turkish culture and everyday life.
6.2 Candid Moments in Turkish Tea Houses
Turkish tea houses, also known as çay bahçesi, are an integral part of Turkish culture. These social gathering places offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the Turkish people. Capturing candid moments of people enjoying a cup of tea, engaged in conversation, or playing traditional board games provides a fascinating window into the warmth and hospitality of Turkish culture. The vibrant colors, expressive gestures, and genuine interactions create visually compelling and emotionally engaging images that tell the stories of the people and their traditions.
6.3 Traditional Turkish Cuisine on the Streets
Turkish cuisine is renowned for its rich flavors and diverse dishes, and capturing the culinary delights on the streets adds an extra layer of authenticity to your street photography. From sizzling kebabs and mouthwatering börek to the sweet aroma of freshly brewed Turkish coffee, the streets of Turkey are a paradise for food photographers. Exploring the bustling food stalls and bakeries, capturing the vibrant colors and textures of the dishes, and documenting the culinary traditions of the Turkish people will not only satisfy your taste buds but also produce stunning images that evoke the sensory experience of Turkish cuisine.
6.4 Exploring Istanbul’s Neighborhoods
Istanbul, with its diverse neighborhoods, offers a wealth of subjects for street photography. From the historic streets of Sultanahmet to the hip and trendy districts of Beyoglu and Kadikoy, each neighborhood has its own unique character and charm. The narrow cobblestone lanes, the colorful facades, and the lively street scenes provide endless opportunities for capturing the vibrant energy of the city. Exploring Istanbul’s neighborhoods with your camera in hand allows you to immerse yourself in the local culture, interact with the people, and capture the essence of everyday life in this dynamic city.
7. Architectural Photography in Turkey
Turkey’s architectural marvels, from Byzantine and Ottoman structures to modern skyscrapers and hidden gems, provide an abundance of subjects for architectural photography.
7.1 Byzantine Marvels: Basilica Cistern and Galata Tower
The Byzantine Empire left a lasting architectural legacy in Turkey, and the Basilica Cistern and Galata Tower in Istanbul are prime examples of this. The Basilica Cistern, also known as the Yerebatan Sarnici, is an underground reservoir that dates back to the 6th century. Its impressive columns, intricate brickwork, and mysterious atmosphere provide a compelling subject for architectural photography. The Galata Tower, on the other hand, offers panoramic views of the city and stunning architectural details. The towering structure, the winding staircase, and the breathtaking views make it a must-visit destination for architectural enthusiasts.
7.2 Ottoman Splendor: Suleymaniye Mosque and Selimiye Mosque
The Ottoman Empire is known for its magnificent mosques, and two of the most impressive examples are the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul and the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. The Suleymaniye Mosque, designed by the famous architect Sinan, is the largest mosque in Istanbul and a masterpiece of Ottoman architecture. The grand dome, the elegant minarets, and the exquisite tile work create a sense of grandeur that is perfect for architectural photography. The Selimiye Mosque, located in Edirne, is regarded as Sinan’s greatest masterpiece and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The intricate details, the soaring arches, and the symmetrical design make it a visual feast for architectural enthusiasts.
7.3 Modern Skyscrapers: Zorlu Center and Sapphire
Turkey’s modern architecture is not to be overlooked, and the Zorlu Center in Istanbul and the Sapphire Tower are striking examples of contemporary design. The Zorlu Center, an upscale mixed-use development, features sleek glass facades, minimalist design, and stunning visual elements. The combination of commercial, residential, and cultural spaces creates a vibrant and dynamic subject for architectural photography. The Sapphire Tower, located in Istanbul’s business district, is the tallest building in the city and a spectacular feat of engineering. Capturing the tower’s gleaming glass exterior, the unique shape, and the panoramic views from the observation deck offers a different perspective on Turkish architecture.
7.4 Hidden Gems: Wooden Houses of Safranbolu
Safranbolu, a small town in northern Turkey, is known for its well-preserved Ottoman-era wooden houses. These historic houses, with their intricate woodwork, colorful facades, and charming balconies, provide a unique subject for architectural photography. Exploring the narrow streets and hidden corners of Safranbolu allows you to capture the essence of this bygone era and appreciate the craftsmanship of the local artisans. The warm tones of the wood, the play of light and shadow, and the nostalgic atmosphere make for visually captivating images that transport the viewer back in time.
8. Aerial Photography in Turkey
Capturing Turkey’s breathtaking landscapes, vibrant cities, and stunning coastlines from above offers a unique perspective that is both awe-inspiring and visually striking.
8.1 Hot Air Balloon Adventures in Cappadocia
Cappadocia is famous for its hot air balloon rides, offering a one-of-a-kind aerial photography experience. Floating above the fairy chimneys, the surreal landscapes, and the ancient cave dwellings provides a birds-eye view that is truly magical. The vastness of the landscape, the vibrant colors, and the unique geological formations make for stunning aerial compositions. Whether you’re capturing the mass ascension of the hot air balloons at sunrise or exploring the hidden valleys from above, Cappadocia’s hot air balloon adventures offer an unparalleled aerial photography opportunity.
8.2 Drone Photography over Pamukkale’s Terraces
Drones have revolutionized aerial photography, and Pamukkale’s cascading terraces offer the perfect subject for capturing from above. The intricate patterns, the contrast of the white terraces against the vibrant blue water, and the scale of the landscape are best appreciated from an aerial perspective. Flying a drone over Pamukkale allows you to capture the intricate details and the dynamic composition of the terraces, creating visually compelling images. The unique vantage point provided by the drone allows you to explore the terraces in a way that is impossible from the ground, offering a fresh and captivating perspective.
8.3 Helicopter Tours of Istanbul’s Bosphorus
Istanbul’s Bosphorus, the waterway that divides Europe and Asia, offers a stunning aerial photography opportunity. Helicopter tours over the Bosphorus provide a unique perspective on the city, with its iconic landmarks, stunning waterfront mansions, and bustling activity on the water. Capturing the breadth of the Bosphorus, the architectural beauty of the bridges, and the juxtaposition of the ancient and modern creates visually striking images. The bird’s-eye view allows you to appreciate the scale and beauty of Istanbul’s waterfront and capture the dynamic energy of the city.
8.4 Glorious Sunsets and Sunrises from Above
Turkey’s diverse landscapes offer countless opportunities for capturing glorious sunsets and sunrises from above. Whether it’s the vibrant hues of the sky over Cappadocia, the warm pastels reflected in the terraces of Pamukkale, or the golden glow over the turquoise coast, aerial photography allows you to capture these celestial displays in a unique and captivating way. The changing colors, the dramatic cloud formations, and the play of light on the landscape create an ethereal and timeless quality that is perfect for capturing truly breathtaking images.
9. Seascape Photography in Turkey
Turkey’s stunning coastline, with its crystal-clear waters, scenic beaches, and underwater wonders, provides endless opportunities for capturing mesmerizing seascape images.
9.1 Exploring the Turquoise Coast on a Gulet
The Turquoise Coast, named for its stunning turquoise-colored waters, is a Mecca for seascape photography. Exploring the coast on a traditional Turkish wooden boat, known as a gulet, allows you to capture the beauty of the coastline from a unique vantage point. The rugged cliffs, hidden coves, and pristine beaches create a visual feast for photographers. The changing colors of the water, the dramatic rock formations, and the interplay of light and shadow make for striking seascapes that are worthy of any photographer’s portfolio.
9.2 Scenic Beaches: Patara and Oludeniz
Turkey is home to some of the most beautiful beaches in the world, and Patara and Oludeniz are two prime examples. Patara, located on the Turquoise Coast, boasts a stunning 18-kilometer stretch of white sandy beach, backed by rolling sand dunes and ancient ruins. The combination of natural beauty and historical significance provides a unique subject for seascape photography. Oludeniz, on the other hand, is famous for its crystal-clear water, sheltered lagoon, and vibrant blue lagoon. The contrast of the turquoise water against the white sandy beach and the dramatic Babadag mountain backdrop creates a visually stunning scene that is perfect for capturing the beauty of the Turkish coast.
9.3 Ancient Sunken Cities in the Mediterranean
Turkey’s Mediterranean coast is dotted with ancient sunken cities, providing a unique subject for underwater and seascape photography. The submerged ruins of cities like Kekova and Simena offer a window into the past and a visually captivating scene for underwater explorers. Snorkeling or diving among these ancient ruins allows you to capture the juxtaposition of the underwater world with the remnants of ancient civilizations. The play of light on the ruins, the vibrant marine life, and the serene underwater landscapes make for unforgettable images that transport the viewer to a hidden world beneath the waves.
9.4 Diving into Underwater Paradises
For underwater photography enthusiasts, Turkey offers an abundance of dive sites that are teeming with marine life. The Aegean and Mediterranean seas are home to vibrant coral reefs, stunning rock formations, and a wide variety of fish species. Exploring dive sites like Kas, Bodrum, and Antalya allows you to capture the vibrant colors, the intricate details, and the captivating behavior of the underwater world. Whether you’re capturing a majestic sea turtle gliding through the water or a school of colorful fish swimming among the coral, underwater photography in Turkey is a truly rewarding experience.
10. Human Interest Photography in Turkey
Photography not only provides an opportunity to capture stunning landscapes and architectural wonders but also allows you to document the stories and daily lives of the Turkish people.
10.1 Documenting Traditional Crafts and Artisans
Turkey is known for its rich craft traditions, and documenting the traditional crafts and artisans provides a fascinating insight into Turkish culture. From carpet weaving and pottery making to calligraphy and ceramics, there is a wealth of artistic traditions to explore. Capturing the intricate details of the craftsmanship, the tools used by the artisans, and the expressions on their faces offers a glimpse into the skill and dedication behind these traditional crafts. Whether you’re documenting the process of a master potter or capturing the vibrant colors of a carpet workshop, human interest photography allows you to tell the stories of these unsung heroes and preserve their traditions for future generations.
10.2 Rural Life and Traditional Villages
Venturing outside the cities and into the rural areas of Turkey allows you to capture the essence of traditional village life. From the rolling hills of Cappadocia to the bucolic landscapes of the Black Sea region, rural Turkey offers a slower pace of life and a strong connection to nature. Photographing the humble dwellings, the picturesque landscapes, and the daily activities of the villagers allows you to tell the stories of these communities. Whether it’s capturing a shepherd tending to his flock, a farmer working in the fields, or a group of children playing in the village square, human interest photography allows you to document the beauty and simplicity of rural life in Turkey.
10.3 Turkish Hospitality: Tales from Locals
Turkey is renowned for its warm hospitality and friendly people, and capturing the stories and experiences of the locals provides a personal and intimate perspective. Whether it’s a chance encounter with a shopkeeper in Istanbul’s Spice Bazaar or a conversation with a fisherman in a coastal village, the Turkish people are eager to share their stories and welcome you into their lives. Capturing their expressions, their gestures, and their interactions with each other offers a unique and authentic glimpse into Turkish culture. Human interest photography allows you to document these personal connections and tell the stories of the Turkish people through their own voices.
10.4 Cultivating Friendship with Turkish People
Photography has a unique way of breaking down barriers and fostering connections between people. Cultivating friendships with the Turkish people not only allows you to capture intimate and authentic photographs but also provides a deeper understanding of their culture and traditions. From participating in a Turkish tea ceremony to joining in traditional celebrations and rituals, immersing yourself in the local culture and building relationships with the Turkish people provides a wealth of photographic opportunities. Whether you’re capturing the laughter and joy of shared moments or the somber reflection of cultural practices, human interest photography allows you to create a visual narrative that transcends language and cultural barriers.
In conclusion, Turkey offers a photographer’s paradise, with its breathtaking landscapes, vibrant cities, rich cultural heritage, and warm hospitality. Whether you’re capturing the majestic landscapes of Cappadocia, exploring the vibrant street scenes of Istanbul, or documenting the rich traditions of the Turkish people, there is no shortage of subjects to inspire and challenge your photography skills. So grab your camera, immerse yourself in the beauty of Turkey, and let your lens capture the essence of this diverse and captivating country.
