Turkey is a captivating country that offers a rich blend of history, striking landscapes, and vibrant culture. If you’re a budget-conscious traveler with an adventurous spirit, exploring Turkey should definitely be on your radar. In this backpacker’s guide, you’ll discover how to make the most of your trip while keeping your expenses in check. From iconic landmarks like the breathtaking Hagia Sophia to hidden gems off the beaten path, Turkey has something for every budget traveler. So grab your backpack and get ready for an unforgettable journey through this enchanting country!
Getting to Turkey
By Air
Flying to Turkey is a convenient and efficient way to reach this vibrant and culturally diverse country. Turkey has several international airports, including Istanbul Atatürk Airport and Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, which are major hubs for both domestic and international flights. Many major airlines offer direct flights to Turkey from various cities around the world. Flying allows you to save time and arrive at your destination quickly, making it a popular choice for travelers visiting Turkey.
By Land
If you enjoy road trips and want to experience the scenic beauty of Turkey’s landscapes, traveling by land is a great option. Turkey has well-maintained road networks that connect it to neighboring countries, such as Greece, Bulgaria, and Georgia. You can enter Turkey by bus, car, or even by train, depending on your starting point. Traveling by land gives you the opportunity to explore different regions and make stops along the way, immersing yourself in the local culture and discovering hidden gems.
By Sea
For a unique and adventurous journey, consider arriving in Turkey by sea. Turkey is surrounded by the Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black seas, offering a multitude of ferry and cruise options. You can sail from neighboring countries, such as Greece or Italy, or take a leisurely cruise along the Turkish coast. Traveling by sea allows you to enjoy breathtaking views of the coastline and islands, and it can be a more budget-friendly alternative to flying. However, it’s important to check the schedules and availability of sea transport, as they may vary depending on the season.
Visa Requirements
Visa-free travel
Citizens from certain countries are eligible for visa-free travel to Turkey. This means that they can enter the country for a specified period without obtaining a visa in advance. The duration of visa-free travel varies depending on the country of origin, ranging from 30 to 90 days. It is essential to check the current visa regulations and requirements for your specific nationality before traveling to Turkey to ensure a smooth entry into the country.
e-Visa
For many travelers, obtaining an e-Visa is the easiest and most convenient way to enter Turkey. The e-Visa can be obtained online prior to your trip and allows you to stay in Turkey for up to 90 days within a 180-day period, depending on your nationality. The process is straightforward, and the e-Visa is delivered electronically to your email address. Make sure to apply for the e-Visa through the official Turkish government website to avoid any scams or additional fees.
Visa on arrival
If you didn’t have time or opportunity to apply for an e-Visa before your trip, you can also obtain a visa on arrival at the designated entry points in Turkey. However, it’s important to note that not all nationalities are eligible for visa on arrival, and the visa fee may vary depending on your country of origin. It’s recommended to have the exact amount of cash in the local currency to pay for the visa fee, as they may not accept credit cards or other currencies.
Visa from Turkish embassy
If you are not eligible for visa-free travel, e-Visa, or visa on arrival, you will need to apply for a visa from the Turkish embassy or consulate in your home country. The visa application process may require submitting various documents, including a passport with at least six months validity, proof of accommodation in Turkey, and a completed visa application form. It is advisable to check the requirements and procedures well in advance and allow sufficient time for the visa application to be processed.
Best Time to Visit
Spring (April-June)
Spring is a beautiful time to visit Turkey, as the weather becomes milder and the landscapes turn lush and green. The temperatures are pleasant, making it ideal for exploring cities like Istanbul and visiting outdoor attractions such as the Pamukkale terraces. It is also the time when many flowers bloom, creating a vibrant and colorful atmosphere.
Summer (July-August)
Summer is the peak tourist season in Turkey, thanks to its sunny weather and long days. The coastal areas, such as Antalya and Bodrum, are especially popular during this time, offering a variety of water activities and beach relaxation. However, it’s important to note that it can get quite hot and crowded, so be prepared for higher prices and more tourists.
Autumn (September-November)
Autumn in Turkey is a delightful season, characterized by mild temperatures and fewer crowds. It is a great time to explore historical sites like Ephesus and Cappadocia, as well as to enjoy outdoor activities like hiking and hot air ballooning. The fall foliage adds a touch of beauty to the landscapes, creating picturesque scenes.
Winter (December-March)
Winter in Turkey is a quieter and less crowded time to visit, especially in popular tourist destinations like Istanbul. The temperatures can vary across the country, with coastal areas being milder and mountainous regions experiencing colder weather. It’s a great time for budget travelers, as accommodation prices tend to be lower, and you can even enjoy skiing in places like Uludağ and Palandöken.
Budget Accommodation Options
Hostels
Hostels are a popular choice for budget-conscious travelers in Turkey. They offer affordable dormitory-style rooms, as well as private rooms, usually with shared bathrooms and common areas. Hostels provide a vibrant and social atmosphere, allowing you to meet fellow travelers and exchange tips and experiences. Many hostels in Turkey also organize activities and tours, making it easier to explore and make the most of your trip.
Camping
For nature lovers and adventure seekers, camping can be a cost-effective accommodation option in Turkey. The country has many beautiful camping spots, from beachside campsites to serene mountain retreats. You can bring your own tent or rent one on-site, and facilities such as toilets and showers are usually available. Camping allows you to immerse yourself in the natural beauty of Turkey and enjoy a tranquil and budget-friendly experience.
Guesthouses
Guesthouses, also known as pensions, are small family-run accommodations that provide a more intimate and homely experience. They offer cozy rooms with basic amenities and sometimes include breakfast. Staying in a guesthouse allows you to connect with locals and get insights into the Turkish culture and way of life. Guesthouses are often located in charming and less touristy areas, offering a more authentic and budget-friendly experience.
Couchsurfing
For the ultimate budget-friendly accommodation option, consider Couchsurfing. This allows you to stay with locals for free and experience Turkish hospitality firsthand. Couchsurfing is not only a way to save money but also an opportunity to make lifelong connections, learn about local customs and traditions, and get personalized recommendations from your hosts. However, it’s important to prioritize safety and choose reputable hosts with positive reviews.
Transportation within Turkey
Public buses
Public buses are a convenient and affordable way to travel within Turkey. They connect cities and towns throughout the country, offering comfortable seating and air conditioning. Bus companies like Metro Turizm and Pamukkale Turizm provide reliable services with various ticket options, allowing you to choose the most suitable schedule and comfort level for your journey. It’s advisable to book your bus tickets in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.
Dolmus
Dolmus, meaning “stuffed” in Turkish, is a shared taxi or minibus system that operates on fixed routes. It is an inexpensive and flexible mode of transportation, particularly for shorter distances and local travel. With dolmus, you can hop on and off at designated stops along the route, paying a fixed fare. This is a great way to explore smaller towns, get off the beaten path, and interact with locals.
Trains
While train travel in Turkey may not be as extensive as in some other countries, it can still be a scenic and enjoyable way to get around. The Turkish State Railways (TCDD) operates a network of trains that connect major cities and tourist destinations. The trains offer different classes, including economy and sleeper compartments, and some routes provide breathtaking views of the countryside. It’s recommended to check the train schedules and book tickets in advance, especially for long-distance journeys.
Metro and Trams
Major cities in Turkey, such as Istanbul and Ankara, have efficient metro and tram systems that make it easy to navigate and explore the city. The metro and tram networks cover a significant portion of the urban areas, providing convenient and affordable transportation options for both locals and tourists. You can purchase rechargeable cards or tokens for single-use rides, and the fare is determined by the distance traveled. Using the metro and trams is a great way to avoid traffic and reach popular attractions quickly.
Domestic flights
If you need to cover long distances within Turkey or want to reach remote areas quickly, domestic flights are a time-saving option. Several local airlines, including Turkish Airlines and Pegasus Airlines, operate domestic flights that connect major cities and tourist destinations. Domestic flights can be affordable if booked in advance or during promotional periods. It’s important to note that some airports may be located outside the city center, so plan your transportation accordingly to reach your final destination.
Must-Visit Destinations
Istanbul
Istanbul is a city where East meets West, offering a mix of rich history, vibrant culture, and culinary delights. Don’t miss iconic landmarks like the Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace. Explore the bustling streets of the Grand Bazaar and Spice Market, and take a boat trip along the Bosphorus. Immerse yourself in the lively atmosphere of Taksim Square and enjoy Turkish cuisine at local restaurants.
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a unique region known for its surreal landscapes, cave dwellings, and hot air balloon rides. Explore the underground cities, visit the Göreme Open-Air Museum, and hike through the Fairy Chimneys. Don’t forget to take a hot air balloon ride for a breathtaking view of the rock formations and sunrise.
Pamukkale
Pamukkale is a natural wonder famous for its terraces of mineral-rich thermal waters. Walk barefoot on the travertine terraces and swim in the thermal pools. Visit the ancient city of Hierapolis, home to well-preserved Roman ruins and a theater.
Ephesus
Ephesus is an archaeological treasure that takes you back to ancient times. Explore the well-preserved ruins, including the Library of Celsus, Great Theater, and Temple of Artemis. Marvel at the craftsmanship of the Roman Empire and imagine life in this once-thriving city.
Antalya
Antalya is a popular coastal destination offering stunning beaches, ancient sites, and a vibrant nightlife. Relax on the pristine sands, explore the narrow streets of the old town, and visit historical sites such as Hadrian’s Gate and the Antalya Museum. Don’t miss a visit to the nearby ancient cities of Perge and Aspendos.
Göreme
Göreme is a small town in Cappadocia known for its unique rock formations and cave dwellings. Explore the Göreme Open-Air Museum, hike through the Rose Valley, and take a horseback ride to explore the surrounding valleys. Witness the stunning sunset from a viewpoint and experience the peaceful ambiance of this captivating town.
Bodrum
Bodrum is a popular beach resort town located on the Aegean coast. Enjoy the vibrant nightlife, relax on beautiful beaches, and visit the impressive Bodrum Castle. Explore the charming streets of the old town, browse the local bazaars, and indulge in fresh seafood at waterfront restaurants.
Ankara
Ankara, the capital of Turkey, offers a mix of modernity and history. Visit the Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and explore the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations to learn about Turkey’s rich heritage. Walk around Kızılay Square, the heart of the city, and visit the Roman Temple of Augustus.
Çeşme
Çeşme is a coastal town known for its beautiful beaches, crystal-clear waters, and vibrant atmosphere. Relax on the white sandy beaches, go windsurfing or kitesurfing, and explore the charming streets of the old town. Visit the Çeşme Castle and enjoy panoramic views of the Aegean Sea.
Troy
Troy is an ancient city steeped in mythology and history. Explore the archaeological site of Troy to see the ruins of the ancient city, and imagine the legendary Trojan War. Visit the reconstructed wooden Trojan Horse and learn about the fascinating tales that surround this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hidden Gems
Mount Ararat
Mount Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and a challenging climb for experienced hikers. Located near the Armenian border, this dormant volcano offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes. Hiking Mount Ararat is a rewarding experience for outdoor enthusiasts and provides a unique perspective of Turkey’s natural beauty.
Göbekli Tepe
Göbekli Tepe is an archaeological site that is considered one of the oldest known temples in the world. Dating back to around 9,000 BC, the site has massive stone pillars adorned with intricate carvings and is believed to have served as a ceremonial and religious center. Visiting Göbekli Tepe provides a glimpse into the ancient history and architectural achievements of early human civilizations.
Sumela Monastery
Perched on the cliffs of the Pontic Mountains, the Sumela Monastery is a hidden gem in northern Turkey. This ancient Greek Orthodox monastery offers stunning panoramic views and is known for its frescoes and intricate architecture. A visit to Sumela Monastery is a journey back in time, allowing you to explore the rich cultural and religious heritage of the region.
Hierapolis
Hierapolis is an ancient city located near Pamukkale and is an often-overlooked gem. Explore the well-preserved ruins, including a theater, necropolis, and Roman bathhouses. Don’t miss the opportunity to swim in the Cleopatra Pool, famous for its mineral-rich thermal waters. Hierapolis offers a unique combination of history and natural beauty.
Oludeniz
Oludeniz is a picturesque coastal town known for its stunning turquoise waters and pristine beaches. Relax on the famous Blue Lagoon beach, go paragliding from Babadağ Mountain for a breathtaking bird’s-eye view, or take a boat trip along the coastline. Oludeniz is a hidden paradise where you can unwind and enjoy the beauty of nature.
Aphrodisias
Aphrodisias is an ancient city dedicated to the goddess Aphrodite, known as the goddess of love and beauty. Explore the well-preserved ruins, including a theater, a stadium, and a temple dedicated to Aphrodite. Marvel at the intricate sculptures and reliefs, and visit the Aphrodisias Museum to see the stunning artifacts discovered on-site.
Mount Nemrut
Mount Nemrut is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in southeastern Turkey. It is famous for its colossal stone statues of ancient gods, including large heads that have toppled from their original positions. Visit this remote and mysterious site to witness the sunrise or sunset, when the light casts an ethereal glow on the statues.
Assos
Assos is a small coastal village that offers tranquility and breathtaking views of the Aegean Sea. Visit the ancient city of Assos and explore the ruins of a Doric temple dedicated to Athena. Take a stroll through the narrow streets of the old town, relax at the scenic harbor, and enjoy a traditional Turkish meal at a seaside restaurant.
Patara
Patara is an ancient city located on the southwestern coast of Turkey, known for its archaeological sites and stunning beach. Explore the well-preserved ruins, including a theater, a triumphal arch, and a granary. Spend the day at Patara Beach, one of the longest sandy beaches in the Mediterranean, and witness the beautiful sunset over the ancient city.
Zeugma Mosaic Museum
The Zeugma Mosaic Museum is located in Gaziantep and is home to one of the largest collections of Roman mosaics in the world. Admire the intricate designs and vibrant colors of the mosaics, depicting scenes from mythology, daily life, and historical events. Visiting this museum provides a unique insight into the artistic achievements of the ancient world.
Free and Cheap Activities
Exploring Istanbul’s Historic Sites
Istanbul is a treasure trove of history and culture, and many of its historic sites are free or have a nominal entrance fee. Visit the Hagia Sophia on certain days when it is open for free, explore the beautiful Sultanahmet Mosque (Blue Mosque), and wander through the Topkapi Palace gardens. Don’t forget to take a walk along the historic city walls and enjoy the stunning views of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus.
Hiking in Cappadocia
Cappadocia offers a plethora of hiking trails, allowing you to explore its unique landscapes at your own pace. Pick up a trail map from the visitor center and set off on a scenic hike through the valleys and fairy chimneys. Admire the rock formations, discover hidden caves, and enjoy the serenity of the countryside. Hiking in Cappadocia is a budget-friendly way to experience the natural wonders of the region.
Relaxing on Turkey’s Beaches
Turkey is blessed with beautiful beaches along its coastline, and spending a day at the beach is a great way to unwind and enjoy the natural beauty of the country. Many beaches offer free public access, and you can bring your own towel and picnic for a budget-friendly day out. Don’t forget to pack sunscreen and plenty of water to stay hydrated.
Visiting Local Markets
Explore the local markets, known as “pazars,” in cities and towns across Turkey. These bustling markets offer an authentic experience and a chance to interact with locals. Sample fresh fruits, vegetables, and traditional Turkish delicacies, and practice your bargaining skills to get the best deals. The markets are also a great place to purchase souvenirs, spices, and handicrafts.
Attending Cultural Festivals and Events
Turkey is known for its vibrant cultural festivals and events that take place throughout the year. Many of these events, such as music and dance festivals, art exhibitions, and traditional celebrations, offer free or low-cost entry. Check the local event calendars and join in the festivities to experience the rich cultural heritage of Turkey.
Sampling Street Food
Turkish street food is delicious, affordable, and a must-try for any budget traveler. Indulge in traditional dishes like doner kebabs, simit (a circular bread covered in sesame seeds), and lahmacun (thin flatbread topped with minced meat and herbs). Explore the local food stalls and street vendors, and savor the flavors of Turkey without breaking the bank.
Exploring Ancient Ruins
Turkey is home to numerous ancient ruins and archaeological sites that offer a glimpse into its rich history. Many of these sites, such as Ephesus, Hierapolis, and Aphrodisias, have affordable entry fees, allowing you to explore the impressive architecture and learn about ancient civilizations. Take your time to wander through the ruins, soak up the atmosphere, and imagine life in bygone eras.
Scenic Nature Walks
Turkey’s diverse landscapes and national parks offer a multitude of scenic nature walks that are accessible to all fitness levels. Lace up your hiking boots and explore trails that wind through lush forests, quiet valleys, and picturesque mountains. Enjoy the fresh air, listen to the sounds of nature, and take in the awe-inspiring views.
Photographing Breathtaking Landscapes
From the otherworldly landscapes of Cappadocia to the azure waters of the Mediterranean coast, Turkey is a photographer’s paradise. Capture the beauty of the natural and architectural wonders that you encounter on your journey. Whether you have a professional camera or just a smartphone, there are countless opportunities to capture stunning photographs that will forever remind you of your time in Turkey.
Chasing Sunsets and Sunrises
Witnessing a sunrise or sunset is a magical experience, and Turkey offers many scenic spots to chase these breathtaking moments. Whether it’s watching the sun rise over the hot air balloons in Cappadocia or seeing the sun set over the Aegean Sea in Bodrum, make time to soak in these natural wonders. Find a comfortable spot, bring a blanket or a camera, and enjoy the peaceful beauty of dawn or dusk.
Local Cuisine on a Budget
Kebabs and Pide
Kebabs and pide (Turkish pizza) are popular and affordable options for a quick and satisfying meal. Try different varieties of kebabs, such as adana kebab, lamb shish kebab, or chicken kebab, which are often served with rice, salad, and freshly baked bread. Pide is a delicious option for a budget-friendly meal, with various toppings like cheese, meat, or vegetables.
Mezes
Mezes are small plates of appetizers and side dishes, perfect for sharing or creating a mezze-style meal. These flavorful dishes include favorites like hummus, tabbouleh, stuffed grape leaves, and eggplant salad. Order a selection of mezes and enjoy a budget-friendly feast of different flavors and textures.
Balık ekmek (Fish sandwich)
Balık ekmek is a popular street food in coastal towns, especially Istanbul. It consists of a grilled or fried fish fillet served in a crusty bread with fresh salad and lemon. Balık ekmek is not only delicious and budget-friendly but also a quintessential Turkish culinary experience. Enjoy your fish sandwich by the sea, soaking in the ambiance and savoring the flavors.
Simit
Simit is a Turkish sesame seed bread ring that is a staple of local cuisine. It is commonly eaten for breakfast or as a snack throughout the day. You can find simit sold by street vendors and in bakeries, often at a very affordable price. Grab a freshly baked simit and enjoy its crunchy exterior and soft, chewy interior.
Lahmacun
Lahmacun is a thin, crispy dough topped with a flavorful mixture of minced meat, onions, and herbs. It is often rolled up with a squeeze of lemon juice and eaten as street food or as a light lunch. Lahmacun is both delicious and cost-effective, making it a favorite among locals and travelers alike.
Turkish Tea and Coffee
Turkish tea (çay) and coffee (kahve) are an integral part of Turkish culture and are deeply rooted in social rituals. Enjoy a cup of Turkish tea or try the strong and aromatic Turkish coffee, served in small cups. These beverages are often served complimentary in restaurants and shops, allowing you to savor their flavors while taking a break from exploring.
Baklava and Turkish Delight
Indulge in the sweet treats that Turkey is famous for, such as baklava and Turkish delight. Baklava is a rich pastry made of layers of filo dough filled with nuts and drenched in syrup. Turkish delight, also known as lokum, is a gel-like confectionary with flavors like rose, pistachio, and citrus. Both of these desserts can be found in local sweet shops at affordable prices.
Budget-Friendly Restaurants
Turkey offers a wide range of budget-friendly restaurants that serve delicious and authentic Turkish cuisine. Look for small, family-run establishments, known as lokantas, where you can enjoy home-cooked meals at affordable prices. These restaurants often offer a variety of daily specials, allowing you to try different dishes without breaking the bank.
Safety Tips for Backpackers
Researching and Planning Ahead
Before embarking on your backpacking trip to Turkey, it’s important to conduct thorough research and plan your itinerary in advance. Familiarize yourself with the local customs, traditions, and potential risks. Check the current travel advisories and consult reliable sources for up-to-date information. Research the areas you plan to visit, the transportation options, and the accommodation choices to ensure a safe and smooth journey.
Keeping Valuables Safe
While traveling, it’s essential to keep your valuables secure to minimize the risk of theft or loss. Invest in a reliable backpack with sturdy locks and compartments to store your belongings. Avoid carrying large sums of cash and use a money belt or hidden pouch to keep your money and important documents safe. Be cautious when using ATMs and avoid displaying expensive items or flashy jewelry in public.
Using Reliable Transportation
When traveling within Turkey, choose reputable transportation options that prioritize safety. Opt for licensed taxis or trusted ride-hailing services, and be cautious of unmarked or unofficial taxis. Use official bus and train services, and make sure to check the reviews and safety records of private transportation providers. If you plan to rent a car, ensure it is from a reputable agency and familiarize yourself with the local driving regulations.
Being Aware of Scams
As a tourist, it’s important to be vigilant and aware of common scams that target travelers. Avoid engaging with strangers who approach you with unsolicited offers or requests for personal information. Be cautious of overcharging or fake goods when shopping in tourist areas, and negotiate prices when necessary. Keep an eye on your belongings and be mindful of any suspicious behavior around you.
Respecting Local Customs and Traditions
Respect for local customs and traditions is crucial when backpacking in Turkey. Familiarize yourself with the cultural norms, dress modestly when visiting religious sites, and follow any specific rules or guidelines. Be mindful of local sensitivities, especially in conservative areas, and seek permission before taking photographs of people or religious sites. Showing respect for the local customs and way of life will enhance your experience and foster positive interactions with the locals.
Staying Connected
Having a reliable means of communication is essential for safety and convenience. Ensure that you have a functioning mobile phone with an active SIM card that allows you to make local and international calls. Familiarize yourself with emergency numbers and save them on your phone. Carry a power bank to keep your phone charged, and consider having a backup communication plan, such as a portable Wi-Fi device or a local SIM card with data.
Registering with Your Embassy
It is advisable to register with your embassy or consulate before traveling to Turkey. This will ensure that you receive important updates, travel advisories, and emergency assistance if needed. Provide your contact details and travel itinerary to your embassy, as this information can be vital in case of emergencies or unforeseen situations. Stay informed about the local embassy’s location and contact information while you are in Turkey.
Taking Care of Health and Hygiene
Maintaining good health and hygiene is essential when backpacking in any foreign country. Be proactive in taking necessary health precautions, such as checking if you require any vaccinations before your trip. Carry a first aid kit with essential medications, and ensure you have access to safe drinking water. Practice good hygiene by washing your hands regularly and consuming food from clean and reputable establishments.
Emergency Contacts
Before your trip, make a note of emergency contact numbers, including the local police, ambulance, and fire department. Keep a copy of your passport and important documents in a safe place, and provide a trusted friend or family member with copies as well. Familiarize yourself with the location of the nearest hospitals or medical facilities in the areas you plan to visit. Being prepared and having emergency contact information readily available can provide peace of mind and ensure a prompt response in case of emergencies.
Turkey offers a wealth of experiences for backpackers on a budget. From exploring historical sites to indulging in delicious cuisine and enjoying the country’s natural beauty, there is something for everyone. By following these tips, you can have a safe and memorable backpacking trip in Turkey without breaking the bank. Embrace the local culture, immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere, and create lifelong memories in this fascinating country.